Palatal rugae as an unique and stable marker in personal identification-An interracial pilot study.

Background: In post-mortem scenarios, often it is a very difficult process to establish a person's identity. Rugae are unique in that they are protected from trauma as they are insulated from heat by tongue and buccal pad of fat unlike fingerprint or lip print that is prone to destruction. Aim and Objectives: This study was aimed to compare the palatal rugae among people of different races. The sole objectives of the study were to assess the predominant pattern in the selected groups, reliability of rugae pattern in personal identification, to evaluate reliability of sex determination and to compare the total number of rugae on right and left sides of the palate among the males and females. Study Design: A total of 90 subjects were enrolled into the study and divided into three groups that are African, Dravidian and Mongoloid population. Shapes of rugae present were analyzed according to the classification given by Kapali et al. (1997) and Thomas & Kotze (1983). Result: The predominant rugae shape in African and Dravidian population was wavy pattern, whereas Mongoloid race was predominant in curve pattern. African and Dravidian males were predominant in wavy pattern when compared to Mongoloid males where unification type was more predominant. Conclusion: A statistically significant association between the rugae shape in three populations exists, although subtle yet definite.

Identification, isolation and characterization of dolutegravir forced degradation products and their cytotoxicity potential.

Dolutegravir was approved by USFDA, Canada and European regulatory authorities as antiretroviral medication. In this article, DLG forced degradation studies as per the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) prescribed stress conditions was conducted and the resulting degradants were fully characterized. DLG was stable in basic, thermal and photolytic stress conditions, whereas DLG was found to unstable in acidic and oxidative conditions. One degradant each from acid and peroxide treated solutions was resolved on LC-MS and labelled as DP-1 and DP-2 with RT 1.80 min and 1.41 min, respectively. DP-1 and DP-2 were isolated by preparative HPLC with C18 column using gradient elution method. Subsequently DP-1 and DP-2 peaks were subjected to HRMS for accurate mass. Molecular mass of DP-1 and DP-2 were m/z 420.1379 (positive mode) and m/z 214.0319 (negative mode), respectively. Further, DP-1 & DP-2 were subjected to NMR spectroscopic analysis (including 2D) for structural confirmation. DP-1 was identified as N-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)-9-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxybutan-2-yl)-1,8-dioxo-2,8-dihydro-1H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrazine-7-carboxamide and it is earlier reported by Gudisela et al. [19] as DLG process impurity. DP-2 was identified as 2-(2,4difluorobenzylamino)-2-oxoacetic acid which is novel DLG degradant and not reported earlier to the best of our knowledge. DLG along its forced degradation products were found to be non-cytotoxic in in vitro assay conditions using HepG2 cells.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of diaziridinyl quinone isoxazole hybrids.

A series of novel diaziridinyl quinone isoxazole hybrids (9a-9j) were synthesized starting from 2, 5-dimethoxy acetophenone 1 via Claisen reaction, cyclisation, alkoxy carbonylation, hydrolysis, oxidation and aziridine insertion. All the compounds were screened for antimicrobial, anti-biofilm and cytotoxic activities. Among the screened compounds, the compound 9h showed good antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities with MIC value of 3.9, 3.9, 3.9 and 7.8 µg/mL, respectively, and IC50 values of 1.9, 2.5, 2.8 and 5.1 µM, respectively, against Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, S. aureus MLS-16 MTCC 2940, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 121 and Klebsiella planticola MTCC 530, and also exhibited potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans MTCC 227, C. albicans MTCC 854 and Candida krusei MTCC 3020 equipotent to standard miconazole (MIC value 7.8 µg/mL). All the synthesized compounds exhibited promising cytotoxicity against A549 and PC3 cell lines (IC50 values between 1 and 4 µM). Compounds 9b and 9j exhibited IC50 value of 0.5 µM which was similar to that of Mitomycin C against PC3 cell line.

Reliability of lip prints in personal identification: An inter-racial pilot study.

CONTEXT: Forensic science is a branch of science that deals with the application of science and technology in solving a crime and this requires a multidisciplinary team effort. The word "Forensic" is derived from the Latin word, "Forensis" which means the study of public. Dental professionals should develop interests in contributing to legal issues. AIMS: To study the lip prints among people of different races. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Descriptive study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The present study comprised of ninety subjects of which Group A comprised of Africans, Group B comprised of Dravidian, and Group C of Mongoloid race. Each group was then further divided into 15 males and 15 females for whom the lip prints were recorded and evaluated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: ANOVA test. RESULTS: ANOVA statistical analysis was used to compare three races of African, Dravidian, and Mongoloid races. The observed data among male and female were found to be significant with a P = 0.000492. CONCLUSION: The present study showed a significant difference in lip pattern among the three races. Perhaps future studies with a larger sample size and comparison between many other races may be done for better personal identification.

Nonsurgical management of vascular malformation of masseter.

Intramuscular vascular anomalies are rare congenital hamartomatous lesions. Less than 1% of these occur in skeletal muscle out of which 15% arise in head and neck musculature. In the head and neck region, masseter muscle is the most common site. It accounts for about 5% of intramuscular vascular malformations. They are present from birth but are clinically apparent during infancy and childhood and occasionally during adulthood. Due to its location it is often mistaken for a parotid swelling. The usual treatment of choice is surgical excision with a margin. This is associated with loss of motor function, hemorrhage, nerve damage. Intralesional sclerotherapy, embolization are nonsurgical alternatives for treatment of slow flow venous malformations. Sclerotherapy can be used solely in multiple sittings or as an adjunct to surgery. This article presents a case report of a 28-year-old male with recurrent intramuscular vascular malformation in the masseter muscle, which was successfully treated by ethanol sclerotherapy.